1
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What distinguishes lawful from unlawful
in marriage is the duff and the voice.

2
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What does this hadith mean?

3
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Marriage.

4
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Its distinguishing feature
is that it is announced.

5
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So the Prophet ﷺ said.

6
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The Prophet ﷺ said.
"Announce this marriage."

7
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“And beat the duff for it.”

8
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So part of announcing it is
that the duff be beaten for it.

9
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The duff is well known.

10
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And it is a known kind
that gives off.

11
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a sound. It is a frame
on which sheep skin or the like is set.

12
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There should be no jingles in it.

13
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Nor should it be what is called
the darbuka or anything else.

14
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What distinguishes a lawful public
marriage from a forbidden secret one...

15
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It is beating the duff.
The point is to announce it, announce it.

16
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This does not mean that a marriage
where no duff was played is unlawful. No.

17
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Rather, what is meant is that
what is required is publicity.

18
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Duff-beating is part
of the announcement.

19
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So, suppose a man got married.

20
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And he announced it and held a feast,
but no duff was beaten at his wedding.

21
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So the marriage is valid
and permissible, and there is no problem.

22
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Rather.

23
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Marriage should be announced.

24
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What is forbidden is secret marriage.

25
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One distinction between secret
and public marriage is beating the duff.

26
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For a secret marriage is not announced.

27
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Nor is the duff beaten for it.

28
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A public marriage is announced
and the duff is beaten for it.